Superintelligent AI impossible to control | TRIO

O Showmetech TRIO is a compilation of the most interesting news of the week. Today we talk about scientific calculations that suggest that it should be impossible to control superintelligent AIs; we will explain how to photosynthesis starts from photons; We show you everything we already know about the Windows 12, such as its release date; and we're still going to talk about the first one synthetic embryo created by scientists. This is Showmetech TRIO, your weekly news trio.

Watch the video on the Showmetech Channel:

Superintelligent AI impossible to control?

Artificial Intelligence remains a controversial subject on the internet for several reasons. Possibly because of the glimpse of the human being or with the fantasy already seen in films like Terminator, one of the concerns about AI is the ability of man to be able to control this technology, but according to calculations carried out by a group of European scientists, eventually we will no longer have this control.

As a group, they revised the calculation originally performed in 2021 and the answer remains the same. The study concludes that the main challenge in controlling a superintelligence is that it would require a level of understanding far beyond human capability. This understanding should be at the same level as the technology, and without it, it would be impossible to create a simulation to master AI.

Part of the team's reasoning is based on the problem presented by Alan Turing in 1936. In this, the question arises whether it is possible to determine whether a computer program will eventually reach a conclusion and answer, or whether it will get stuck in a loop. loop Endless, trying to find a solution.

Alan Turing demonstrated through a mathematical calculation that, although it is possible to obtain answers for specific programs, it is logically impossible to find some way that allows us to predict how each potential program will behave.

A superintelligent AI, for example, would be able to simultaneously store countless programs and systems in its memory. Thinking about it this way, any system designed to prevent AI from causing harm to humans might or might not come to a sane conclusion.

Authors of the article published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research claim that “rules like 'do no harm to humans' cannot be defined if we don't understand the kind of scenario an AI will create”. The article even goes on to say “once a computer system is working at a level above the scope of our programmers, we can no longer set limits”. Will we really get to that level of AI?

How does photosynthesis begin?

A team of American researchers specialized in quantum optics and biology demonstrated that a lone photon can start the process of photosynthesis by analyzing purple photosynthetic bacteria. These researchers are confident that this process also occurs in plants and algae, since all photosynthetic organisms share an evolutionary ancestor and have similar mechanisms.

The team claims that their findings strengthen our understanding of photosynthesis and will contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of quantum physics in a variety of biological, chemical and physical systems considered more complex, even in the field of renewable fuels.

A limited amount of photons generated by the Sun has led scientists to speculate about the efficiency of photosynthesis in using sunlight to generate high-energy molecules. From then on researchers began to consider the possibility of a single photon being able to initiate this reaction. 

By studying the behavior of individual photons during photosynthesis, this research offers valuable insights into the process of energy conversion in nature. These discoveries could be crucial for the development of artificial photosynthesis techniques, which could play a key role in sustainable survival and thriving in space environments.

Everything we know about Windows 12

During the conference Build 2023 from Microsoft, a screenshot was seen displaying the “next generation Windows” event, which led some people to believe that the version of Windows 11 released between the months of September and November 2023 will be the last. In this way, we can expect the Windows 12 be released in 2024, a rumor reinforced by some experts. Taking into account Microsoft's pattern of bringing big news in the North American fall, it is possible that Windows 12 will also be released during the months of September and November, 2024.

A possible Windows 12 image ended up leaking during another company event, the Microsoft Ignite 2022. It was possible to identify novelties such as a floating taskbar, instead of an end-to-end one; also floating search box at the top of the screen, system icons pinned to the top right corner of the screen, and other details.

Another speculation is about adherence to the new operating system. Reports claim that Windows 12 will become more compatible with most computers than the current Windows 11. Are you also looking forward to the release of the next Windows?

1st synthetic embryo in the world

Researchers from the United Kingdom and the United States created a synthetic embryo from stem cells, without the need to use materials such as sperm or eggs. Despite the novelty, we are still talking about fundamental levels of the project, as these eggs do not have a brain or a heartbeat, to give you an idea.

The survey raises ethical and legal issues in many countries, including the United States, where there are no laws governing the creation or development of synthetic embryos. The pace of discoveries and the increasing sophistication of these models has created alarm among bioethics experts.

Despite being great news, a test on mice had already been done and successfully. Dr. Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz, a professor of biology and biological engineering at the University of Cambridge, said the research has been accepted by a leading scientific journal but has yet to be published. 

Zernicka-Goetz, her team, and another team in Israel, have already talked about creating mouse embryo-like structures from stem cells. The results showed the first hints of a brain, heart and even an intestinal tract after nearly eight days of development.

Currently, synthetic embryos are stored in test tubes. It is illegal to implant them in a uterus. Research on stem cells from mice and monkeys has shown that even when scientists try to implant them, they don't survive. This is likely because researchers have yet to figure out how to fully reproduce pregnancy conditions in a natural way.

It is worth remembering that the primary intention of these studies is not to create life, but to avoid its loss, understanding the reasons why embryos sometimes fail to develop after fertilization and implantation, an idea reinforced even by Dr. Zernicka-Goetz.

See also:

Check out our latest edition of Showmetech TRIO! As usual we talk about various subjects related to games, technology and pop culture. Just take a look at what we brought:

• Meta Music Generator;
• Sustainable cruising;
• “Organic” robot.

Pig iron: Business Season, Rationalist Universe e CNN.

reviewed by Glaucon Vital in 19 / 6 / 23.