The History of Android (versions 1 to 16)

Widely known and a virtual companion to most smartphones sold today, the operating system (OS) Android It is one of the most democratic and has been around for almost 20 years. Come with us and stay informed about it. history of Android, with its beginnings, details, and versions that have been made available over the years.

Andy Rubin: the man behind Android

When we talk about the operating system AndroidThe first name we should mention is that of its founder, Andrew E. Rubin (also known as Andy RubenBorn in Chappaqua, New York (USA) on March 13, 1963, Ruby completed basic education in 1991 in Horace greeley high school and, soon after, graduated in Computer Science in 1986 at Utica CollegeHis first formal job was as a software engineer specializing in robotics at Carl Zeiss X-ray Microscopy, New York.

After working for a while in Société Genevoise d'Instruments de Physique, located in Geneva, Switzerland, Andy Le Sauce had a chance encounter in the Cayman Islands in 1989 with the engineer from Apple Bill CaswellAnd after offering to stay at his home, he landed a job at one of the biggest companies in Silicon Valley.

During your passage through Apple , between 1989 and 1992 working as a manufacturing engineer and software engineer (Software Pyrotechnician(as described on one of his business cards), Andy Ruben His colleagues had nicknamed him "Android" because of his great passion for robotics. 

In 1992, Andy Le Sauce would come to work in General Magic, a partner of Apple where he worked on the development of the interface and operating system for mobile devices called Magic CapHe was also part of the project. MSN TV and led the development of personal digital assistants (PDAs). Motorola EnvoyIn 1999, he joined Joe Britt e Matt Hershenson to create your own company, the Danger Inc. and launch the device Danger Hiptop (2002), which would draw the attention of Google.

But it was in October 2003 that, with the initial idea of ​​developing an advanced operating system for cameras — and taking advantage of the fact that he had also founded the domain — he launched this new venture. A like your personal website —, which Andy Ruben joined the businessmen Chris White, Nick Sears e Rich miner to create, in Palo Alto, California, the new company android inc, thus beginning a great success story.

Early days of Android

As we have already mentioned, the Android It began in 2003, with the founding of the company by Andy Ruben Initially focused on digital cameras, which were the most popular devices at the time, and with the prospect that mobile devices were becoming increasingly popular, he and his team decided to concentrate their efforts on creating an operating system for mobile phones. The project wasn't very successful, but it caught the attention of... Googlewhich, at the time, was acquiring small businesses as well as prominent brands to boost its growth. 

Therefore, in 2005, the Google bought the Android Inc. for the paltry sum of 50 million dollars, creating a division within his company called Google Mobile Division, whose leadership would be in the hands of Andy Le Sauce, appointed Vice President of Mobile and Digital Content. In this new phase, Andy Ruben and the other founders of android inc They began working on transforming... Android in an open-source language based on Linux, with a view to competing with systems such as the traditional Symbian And the future is promising. iOS. 

The idea was that the Android It was a democratic, flexible, and updatable operating system that could be used by various cell phone manufacturers and carriers. That's when... Google It began seeking partnerships with various companies — from device manufacturers to software developers and mobile network operators. Thus, on November 5, 2007, the company was founded. Open Handset Alliance, a unique mobile platform, open source (open source), which brought together, along with Googlecompanies such as, HTC, Sony, LG, Samsung, T-Mobile, sprint nextel, Qualcomm e Texas InstrumentsYour first product: the Android!

On October 22, 2008, a brand-new smartphone finally arrived in stores, using the operating system for the first time. Android, T-Mobile G1 ( HTC Dream) from the manufacturer HTC. O first Android smartphone It came with the version Android 1.0 (see versions below) and began the competition for popularity with other similar systems.

The success of Android on smartphones This trend has intensified over time, with more and more devices gaining versions based on it. Google's operating systemIn addition to extending its presence to other devices, such as tablets, smartwatches (Wear OS), smart TVs (Android TV), cars (Android Auto), virtual reality glasses (Android XR), and much more.

Emulators

One detail that few people probably know is that, even before its release, the Android had its development versions available through emulators, with emphasis on the 0.5 version (call Milestone 3), which featured four navigation buttons, a QWERTY keyboard interface, and no company apps.

The next successful version available to developers was... Android 0.9 (Android Beta), released on August 18, 2008, which contained many of the elements that we would see in the arrival of the first version made available to the public, such as alarm, calculator, camera, image viewer, among others.

As a curiosity, in December 2007, a publication had been made on the website. Gizmodo containing the first photo of what would become the first prototype of a cell phone running the Android, as we reported here on showmetech.

Pure or modified Android?

With the large number of manufacturers, models, and versions of smartphones for which the Android When a phone is launched, countless variations and specific features emerge, often creating a new look within the operating system, with new buttons, features, different ways to access pathways, and even exclusive apps that often influence consumer preference and accustom them to the device's overall usability environment. 

Modified Android 

The benefits of having a cell phone with Modified Android These are exclusive features and extra resources. They add unique actions to the devices, such as camera enhancements, a revamped look, redesigned or exclusive apps, and even a proprietary store with branded applications.

Regarding disadvantages, we can say that it's a system that takes up more space, with more apps—some duplicates and also... bloatwares (without real utility) — functioning more slowly in some cases and relying on updates after the official versions, mainly due to the extra features and customizations that need to be adapted to the new interface.

Among the examples of cell phones with Modified Android those from the brands Samsung, which carry the system One UI and also from that line Xiaomi, with their operating systems HyperOS e MIUI. 

Pure Android 

However, there are those who prefer the good old-fashioned way. Pure Android (Stock Android) — as it is known — with its cleaner, more minimalist look and more traditional options, without the frills of the modified versions. As an example of smartphone with pure Android, are the cell phones in the line Google Pixel — smartphones from Google which are not released in Brazil—but there are also those with very few modifications, such as those from the manufacturer. Motorola. 

The advantages of cell phones with Pure Android They include having a simpler, lighter, and therefore faster and smoother system, without external interventions or modifications, with optimized battery and memory usage. Furthermore, they also receive updates first, directly from the... Google and have a cleaner look, without the appearance of duplicate apps or advertisements.

It is therefore a matter of personal preference, since both types of Android They all have their advantages and disadvantages.

Mainly competitors

As it could not be, the Android It had some competitors, in addition to iOSThroughout its history, let's take a look at the most famous ones through a brief description, their release date, and last year of support.

iOS (Apple) (2007 – present day)

As we have already mentioned, the main competitor of Android goes by the name of iOS — the operating system of Apple for their iPhoneSome updates from Android, in fact, are clearly inspired by iOSgiven the popularity, loyalty, and good interface that the cell phones of Apple They deliver this to their consumers. Among the main features of iOS are the system's lightweight nature and its extremely integrated and secure environment.

Symbian (Symbian) (1997 – 2014)

Operating system that dominated cell phones in the pre- Android, Symbian It used a graphical interface developed by third parties and began its use in PDA devices, such as the palmtopsBecause it was lighter and more energy-efficient than its competitors at the time, the operating system was ideal for pre-smartphone devices; however, it lost ground to competitors that emerged in the second half of the 2000s due to its greater development complexity and the delay in adapting to new devices. 

Windows Phone (Microsoft) (2010 – 2019)

Arriving later to compete with the systems iOS e Android — and using the know-how of Windows Mobile (Pocket PC 2000) —, the operating system Windows Phone It was an attempt by ecosystem to compete in the smartphone market of the time with its own unique operating system.

Its interface used minimalist highlighted folders and tiles, displaying real-time news and containing the office pack natively. Differentiating itself from its competitors, it gained few followers and suffered from a lack of applications in the market. Windows Storewhich, along with weak marketing, led to its discontinuation.

Blackberry OS (RIM – Research In Motion) (1999 – 2022)

Popular in corporate environments, the closed-source system available for devices Blackberry It came with a total focus on productivity, without a camera app, but also simplifying internet access on mobile devices. Famous for popularizing physical QWERTY keyboards on cell phones, it offered multitasking services, in addition to allowing the viewing of files in PDF, Word, Excel, and PowerPoint formats, and focusing on email services.

As an example of other smaller competitors that already competed with AndroidThe following are included: Bada (Samsung), HarmonyOS (Huawei), Kaios (KaiOS Technologies), Plasma Mobile (KDE) PureOS (Librem), Tizen (Samsung/Intel) Ubuntu Touch (Canonical, UBports), and those developed by the open-source community. LineageOS e postmarket OS.

Android timeline and versions 

To better illustrate each change, the following are... android versions launched to this day, with the first ones publicly following an alphabetical order of candy names (starting from Android 1.5) and others retaining only the official numbering (however, continuing the "sweet" nomenclature internally from the Android 10). Check it out:

Android 1.0 (2008)

Release date : 23 September 2008

Main smartphoneHTC Dream 

O first operating system Android available to the public, Android 1.0It emerged with a number of innovative features for its time. These innovations included the existence of a... Web navigator with support for multiple pages and zoom; from Android Market (current Google Play Store) for downloading and updating applications; folders for grouping icons; from Google SyncIn addition to camera support and apps like YouTube, Gmail, Maps, Calendar, and Contacts, it synchronizes with your login data. Google.

Android 1.1 (2009)

Release date : February 9, 2009

Main smartphoneHTC Dream

O Android 1.1 It came only as a updated version of Android 1.0containing some improvementsThis included bug fixes, as well as other additions such as displaying ratings in Maps; support for attachments in messages; the ability to highlight text in system layouts; and a longer screen activation time during hands-free calls. It served to confirm the system's ability to receive updates. whenever possible.

Android 1.5 “Cupcake” (2009)

Release date : 27 of April of 2009

Main smartphoneHTC Magic

The first official version with the name of a sweet treat came in Android 1.5, entitled "Cupcake" (the famous little cake), with the first letter being the third letter of the Western alphabet. This pattern of sweet names was publicly extended to version 9.0, always following an alphabetical sequence for their names. Here, it is worth mentioning that the main device of Android 1.5, HTC Magic, it was the first cell phone Android to be officially available in Brazil.

In short, android cupcake It came with some very interesting new features, such as... support to 100% digital keyboard — abandoning the physical keyboards of previous smartphones —; the Enhanced copy/paste functions, debuting the feature in an Android web browser; a capture and playback of video in MPEG-4 and 3GP; to Automatic display rotationsupport for Widgetsthe possibility of Share videos on YouTube and Google Picasa., in addition to some other functions. 

Android 1.6 “Donut” (2009)

Release date : 15 September 2009

Main smartphoneHTC Dream

The next version of Google's operating system, the Android 1.6, now called “Donut(the classic donuts from the series) The Simpsons), has made a big leap in terms of compatibility, both because support for networks using CDMA technology (Code Division Multiple Access, or Code Division Multiple Access, in Portuguese translation), as Verizon e Sprint, as well as enabling its use on different screen resolutions and sizes.

This version also brought enhancements, and in research; on Android Marketwhich allowed viewing screenshots of the Apps; in the possibility of select multiple photos simultaneously for exclusion; in the unprecedented camera integration with the gallery; on text to speech conversion (speech synthesis engine) multilingual, Among others.

Android 2.0 “Eclair” (2009)

Release date : October 26, 2009

Main smartphoneMotorola Droid

O Android 2.0, named "Eclair" (a sweet known as "bomba" or "chocolate bomb" in Brazil), arrived with a series of new features, the main one being the possibility of Connect to more than one Google account. on the same device. The web browser has also been updated with a number of improvements, including HTML 5 support, with double-tap zoom and thumbnail display of favorite websites.

Here, too, they arrived. animated wallpapers; support for more screen resolutions; a greater hardware and typing speed, with improvements to the dictionary and calendar. The camera received new functions, such as... Flash support, new Zoom (digital and macro) and image effects. 

This version, still under the name Eclair, it also received two new updates — the Android 2.0.1 e Android 2.1 —, but they only added a few minor system changes and fixes.

Android 2.2 “Froyo” (2010)

Release date : May 20, 2010

Main smartphoneNexus One

Released in 2010, but still numbered 2, the version of Android 2.2, popularly known as “Froyo” (abbreviation of frozen yogurt(or frozen yogurt, in translation) brought a series of additions that made the system of Google even more competitive in the smartphone market. Among the new features were support for Adobe Flash; network sharing through Tethering via USBpermission to Install applications in expandable memory.as well as improvements to the Android Market, such as the batch update function (“update all”) or automatic app updates.

O Android 2.2 It emerged with the launch of the first smartphone with Pure Android, Nexus OneHowever, it has fewer advantages than other smartphones. 

This version of Android also had three minor updates for bug fixes and security patches — called Android 2.2.1, Android 2.2.2 e Android 2.2.3 — before reaching the next phase of Android.

Android 2.3 “Gingerbread” (2010) 

Release date : December 6, 2010

Main smartphoneNexus S

The latest version of Android 2 (Android 2.3) was the call Gingerbread (or gingerbread cookies, just like the classic ones featured in the movie) ShrekWith it came the very relevant native NFC support (Near Field Communications), which enables tag reading and contactless payments, so prevalent today. Other updates included support for multiple cameras, accelerometer and gyroscope, as well as improved power management.

Updates to the Android 2.3.1 e Android 2.3.2 They arrived only to fix bugs and make corrections to the smartphone. Nexus SWe also had the versions Android 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6 e 2.3.7, which brought fixes, improvements, and more support, such as the use of Google Talk (2.3.4) 

Android 3.0 “Honeycomb” (2011)

Release date : February 22, 2011

Main tabletMotorola Xoom

Introducing a new era in operating system numbering, the Android 3.0 It came with a new sweet treat for its name, now titled “Honeycomb"(a type of caramel with a honeycomb shape). This version differs from the others because it was developed exclusively for tablets."

In it, a system bar at the bottom of the screen; oneanonymous mode for the browser along with the ability to open multiple tabs; a new virtual keyboard; display of full-screen image gallery; as well as many improvements aimed at multitasking.

Later versions of this OS (Androids 3.1,3.2, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.4 e 3.2.6) included improvements, fixes, and new compatibility features.

Android 4.0 “Ice Cream Sandwich” (2011)

Release date : October 18, 2011

Main smartphoneGalaxy Nexus

O Android 4.0"flavor" Ice Cream Sandwich (Ice cream sandwich), also brought new features, such as virtual buttons and a predominantly blue color scheme, both carried over directly from the previous version. Other updates included: Facial recognition for screen unlocking., Wi-Fi Direct, native screenshot, Roboto sourceimprovements in folder organization and the resource Android Beam, which used NFC to share contact information, favorites, and more.

Other versions of Ice Cream Sandwich (Android 4.0.1, 4.0.2, 4.0.3 e 4.0.4They came to ensure some improvements and minor updates to the system.

Android 4.1 “Jelly Bean” (2012) 

Release date : July 9, 2012

Main smartphoneNexus 4

Improvements to the interface, keyboard, notifications, camera, audio, and other features marked the... Android 4.1, the famous AndroidJelly Bean (jellybean). It continued with improvements in its Android versions 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. 

O Jelly Bean It included some important updates, such as Android 4.2 (13/11/2012), which basically consisted of a refinement update, such as access to Widgets on the lock screen, a new interface in the Camera App, and the inclusion of the mode Photo Sphere, which allows capturing panoramic images at a 360º angle. This version also included a stopwatch and countdown timer, as well as an updated keyboard to natively enable... writing through gestures.

Before getting to its other most important update, the Jelly Bean It included updates 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 to finally arrive (on 07/24/2013) at Android 4.3 (and its 4.3.1 update), which included app updates, support for 4K resolution, native emoji and improvements in performance. 

Android 4.4 “KitKat” (2013)

Release date : October 31, 2013

Main smartphoneNexus 5

In a partnership with Nestlé, Android 4.4, KitKat (yes, the famous chocolate), came with the proposal to reduce system requirements, covering devices with less RAM capacity.

This version, which was initially going to be called “Key Lime Pie” (KLP, or “lemon pie” in Portuguese), brought great innovations, such as the introduction of Immersive Mode, allowing full-screen viewing of applications; access to wireless printingsupport for the sensor pedometer; infra-red; as well as a new color tone, replacing the predominant blue of the previous version with white and translucent layers.

Subsequently, the Android KitKat It brought compatibility and security improvements with the versions. 4.4.1, 4.4.2, 4.4.3 e 4.4.4, in addition to being modified to accommodate smartwatch devices. A through the versions 4.4W (addition of wearable extensions), 4.4W.1 (updates on Google Maps) and 4.4W.2 (GPS and offline music playback).

Android 5.0 “Lollipop” (2014)

Release date : November 12 of 2014

Main smartphoneNexus 6

The version Android 5.0, Lollipop (lollipop, in translation), arrived with a renewed appearance through the Material Design — bringing new colors, interfaces, and animations in a more fluid experience — as well as introducing the visualization of Notifications on the lock screen and a native battery saving modeOther improvements included a faster and smoother system, built in a new environment. Android Runtime (ART); compatibility with devices 64 bits; and advances in the camera.

Other versions of Lollipop updates were released, either to make improvements to the system and to fix bugs (5.0.1 e 5.0.2and also enabling support for multiple SIM cards. (5.1) and Wi-Fi Calling (5.1.1).

Android 6.0 “Marshmallow” (2015)

Release date : October 2, 2015

Main smartphoneNexus 6P

O Android 6.0, codename marshmallow It received many improvements, most notably the function Pickups — a sleep mode (“snooze”) that reduces battery consumption while the screen is off.

Other new features include the Native support for biometrics and USB-Cthe resource Now on Tap (evolution of Google Now) to offer quick information based on the content viewed; adaptable and expandable internal storage with the use of microSD card; or Backup and sync automatic; Direct Share which enhances the sharing function by displaying the most frequently used apps at the top of the screen; among other things.

This version of Android It also included the update. 6.0.1, which implemented a description of the USB options and the ability to open the camera by double-pressing the power button.

Android 7.0 “Nougat” (2016)

Release date : 22 of August of 2016

Main smartphoneLG V20

nougat (known as Torrone here in Brazil) was the name chosen for the version of Android 7.0Among the highlights of this new version of Android is the improved multitasking performance, with Split Screen and way Picture in Picture (PiP) on Android TVs; improved battery and RAM usage in the feature Pickups; is redesign of notifications, with grouping by App, allowing you to reply without opening and view settings by pressing.

He also explained how the use of JIT compiler (for faster app installation and superior performance), from Vulkan API (for smoother and more realistic 3D graphics); and support for Google's virtual reality platform. Daydream.

O Android nougat The updates included the following versions 7.1, 7.1.1 and 7.1.2, bringing some new features, such as new resources for developers, storage manager, app shortcuts, new emojis, battery usage alerts, and more. Interestingly, it was in version... Android 7.1 that the smartphone Google Pixel It was launched (October 2016), replacing the line. Nexus.

Android 8.0 “Oreo” (2017)

Release date : 21 of August of 2017

Main smartphoneGoogle Pixel 2/2 XL

In yet another partnership with a food products company, the Android 8.0 It was launched under the official name of one of the world's most beloved sweets, the OreoAmong the new features of this version were several improvements em Safety (Google Play, Android Runtime) and areas such battery usage, means PiP, Autofill understood to apply to other apps (beyond the Google sphere). Notifications — with the implementation of the points (notification) Dots) to indicate unread items —, and many others.

It was here that the Adaptable Icons, whose design adapted to the device; in addition to Treble Projectwhich benefited manufacturers with faster system updates.  

Updating the Android 8.1 It arrived with new features and visual improvements, as well as implementing the distribution of the version. Android Oreo Go Edition, aimed at more basic smartphones with less than 1 GB of RAM.

Android 9.0 “Pie” (2018)

Release date : 6 of August of 2018

Main smartphoneGoogle Pixel 3 / 3XL

O Android 9.0, codename Floor (pie), came packed with innovations, many of which prioritize the use of AI. Among the very welcome new features are the brightness and adaptive battery...using user preferences and the apps they use most often as a basis. Another highlight is a type of... mode to use before bed (Wind Down), in which the screen turns grayscale and the do not disturb mode is activated. New gestures Also present are features like the one that displays recent apps when you swipe up. There's also a control adjust the volume using a sidebar..

Android 10 (2019)

Release date : 3 September 2019

Main smartphoneGoogle Pixel 4

The end of publicly announcing candy names — to be more “universal,” according to the Google —, came accompanied by names from inside the developers' backstage. In this way, the Android 10 (known as “Android Q"in the development stage) was nicknamed quince tart (Quince Pie).

Esta android update It arrived containing a series of new features, such as a Dark Mode native throughout the system, the implementation of Live Captions (Live Caption), Or support for foldable devices and to technology 5Gas well as improvements to Gesture Navigation and privacy and security (with permissions only in use). 

Android 11 (2020)

Release date : 8 September 2020

Main smartphoneGoogle Pixel 5

Arriving with a good number of new features, the Android 11 — known internally as Red velvet cake/ RVC (Red Velvet cake) — brought features such as the use of Notifications via floating bubbles in chat apps.Media controls on the notification screen; native screen recording; automatic permission reset, with unique and temporary permissions; and a section of notification history.

Android 12 (2021)

Release date : October 4, 2021

Main smartphoneGoogle Pixel 6 / 6 Pro

In yet another major Android update, the Android 12 (under the codename Snow cone) presented a new design concept called Material youwhich customizes and adapts the look according to the wallpaper defined by the user. Other new features included camera and microphone indicator when active; sharing of approximate location (instead of exact); scrollable screenshot (extended); Quick settings enhancement e Optimized mode for games (Game Dashboard).

O Android 12 It also featured an update called Android 12L, released on March 7, 2022. It includes improvements to adapt the operating system to larger screens, such as those on foldable smartphones, Chromebooks, etc.

Android 13 (2022)

Release date : 15 of August of 2022

Main smartphoneGoogle Pixel 7 / 7 Pro

O Android 13 (Tiramisu) It brought a series of innovations, including a new type of Limited permission to access photos and videos. (instead of full access); the possibility of using a different language per appthe need to ask Permission for each app to send notifications. (and not the general default delivery); and a revamped media player, with a wave-style progress bar and highlighting the album cover. Other options include a improved taskbar, aimed at tablets and foldable devices; as well as the Bluetooth LE support Audio.

Android 14 (2023)

Release date : October 4, 2023

Main smartphoneGoogle Pixel 8 / 8 Pro

Also known as Upside Down Cake (cake with fruit slices on top) by the developers, the Android 14 It received many improvements, much to the delight of fans of Google OSAmong the new features of this new version of Android were... AI-generated wallpapers; New clocks and styles on the lock screen.; monochrome theme; expansion of sources; Six-digit PIN; Native Health Connect; Flash notificationpossibility of using the smartphone as a webcam of PCs; as well as Magnifier and image enhancementwith permission from the mode Ultra HDR. 

Android 15 (2024)

Release date : October 15, 2024

Main smartphone: Pixel 9, 9 Pro, 9 Pro XL, 9 Pro Fold

Updating once again the Google Operating System, Android 15 Vanilla Ice Cream (vanilla ice cream) — was released with some updates, such as the Private Space, where apps can be stored in a hidden way and can only be accessed with a password; Low Light Mode (Low Light Boost for photos in low-light environments; native support for satellite messages of operators; and Theft protectionThis involves the phone automatically locking the screen in case of suspected or suspected actions, such as SIM card removal and some intentional deactivations on the phone.

It also came with many options to make it easier to use on tablets and foldable devices, such as... Easy taskbar attachment and App pairing.

Android 16 (2025)

Release date : June 10, 2025

Main smartphone: Pixel 10, 10 Pro, 10 Pro XL and 10 Pro Fold

A latest version of Android, Android 16 (Baklava(or puff pastry dessert) arrived in full force in June 2025, and with it, several new features were implemented. Among the main ones are... smart summaries of messages and notificationsthe new design standard Material 3 Expressive; Expanded dark theme Incompatible apps; Real-Time Updates (Live Updates) on the lock screen; Advanced Protection Mode (Advanced Protection Mode); Enhanced support for hearing aidsin addition to new Parental Controls e redesigned shortcuts.

Android 17 and the future of Android

Expected to be released in June 2026, following the anticipated revelation of details in... Google I/O annual conference — just like it was with the Android 16 - Expected that Android 17 bringing improvements over the previous version's updates, as well as new features such as Native support for satellite messaging.focus on Generative AI and native Gemini, with smarter searches and a more proactive assistant; a Greater unification among Android devices.as is the case in systems Apple ; between others.

More Android 17 news — which should be announced along with the new Google Pixel 11 Around the middle of the year — these will be discussed here in the future. So, stay tuned! showmetech so as not to lose any information.

So, how was it for you to take this trip through time all the way through... history of AndroidComment below which moment was the most memorable on SO and which fact caught your attention the most! 

Learn more:

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Text revised by Alexandre Marques in 07 / 02 / 2025.

Sources: mobile time, HostMedia, PSafe, MacMagazine, Android Developers, Computerworld, Dry Telecom, Business Insider, Wireless History Foundation, infowester.