Find out what each office does to vote in the 2022 Election

We're less than a week away from the elections, but you know what does each political office do? Your responsibilities? Today we will bring more information about the functions performed in the Executive and Legislative Powers, as well as talking about how the proportional vote system works, which elects state and federal deputies in addition to councilors, when municipal elections take place. Let's see a little more about the Elections 2022?

Majority vote x Proportional vote

First, let's understand how election systems work. majority e proportional. The result obtained in the electronic voting machines will be analyzed and, depending on the position, one of the two accounting systems will determine who assumes the positions in the Executive and Legislative branches.

majority vote

O majority system determines the candidates elected to the positions of Senators federal, governors of the states and the Federal District, and of President of the Republic. And as its name suggests, the majority system will elect those candidates who have the most valid votes, that is, the candidate with the most votes will be the winner.

Within the majority system there is still a division to decide those elected to positions. For the Executive branch (Governors and President), the candidate who obtains more valid votes than the sum of valid votes of all his competitors will win the election. 50% of votes +1. If this requirement is not met in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes will run in an eventual second round. Mayors of municipalities with more than 200 voters are also subject to this system.

As for the Senators, from the Legislative power, whoever has more votes, mostly, without the opportunity to have a possible second round. In this case, in the first round of elections, the senators will already be defined in order of number of votes.

proportional vote

The proportional voting system works differently. Again, as the name suggests, the proportional system will average votes within each party to elect state, district, and federal deputies—and councilors, in the case of municipal elections. That is, here the candidate with the most votes can not be elected, different from what happens in the majority voting system. This is because votes are counted for the matches which candidates are affiliated.

This opens up the possibility of caption vote. This is the vote in which the voter identifies with the proposals of a particular party, but does not have a candidate of his/her preference. Thus, votes are cast using only the party number, and the vote will be counted to determine the size of the bench in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Legislative Assemblies.

And how are elected deputies defined? Each party will be entitled to a number of seats according to proportionality, and these seats of deputy will be occupied by the candidates who obtain the greatest number of votes within each party. Therefore, if you have a candidate of your choice, it is important to vote for his number and not for the caption, as it will help him to assume a position in the Legislative.

Executive and Legislative Power

One more important detail is to know which sphere the candidate is running for. The president and governor are part of the Executive power, with the function of governing the people, administering public power, respecting and complying with laws. The others — federal and state deputies and senators — are part of the Legislative power, who represent the people and are responsible for drafting and creating laws.

2022 Election Positions

The 2022 elections take place for the decision of five positions: State Deputies, Federal Deputies, Senator, Governor e President. Now that you know how the systems that check your chances of being elected work and how they work in their spheres, learn about the main responsibilities that are assigned to these candidates:

State and District Representative

In this first position, there is the choice of candidates who will be part of a state sphere — working in the Legislative Assembly — or district — working in the Legislative Chamber of the Federal District. These deputies represent the people in these spheres, having as activities propose, legislate, amend e repeal state laws.

It is also part of its attributions to inspect the accounts of the state and district Executive Power, and other minor activities. As part of the Legislative Power, candidates for state deputy compete by the proportional system of votes, in a number of seats determined by the legislation of each state. In 2022, 26 seats for federal and district deputies will be disputed in the 1.035 states and the Federal District, for a term of four years.

Congressman

The representation of the population at the federal level is up to the Federal Deputies. It is up to them to draft laws that cover the entire country, as well as to supervise the acts of those who assumed the presidency of the Republic. They must also present draft complementary and ordinary laws, legislative decrees, resolutions and amendments to the Constitution.

must also discuss and vote on the provisional measures that were edited by the Executive sphere and create the known CPIs (Parliamentary Committees of Inquiry). As part of the Legislative Branch, candidates for state deputy compete for the proportional voting system, vying for 513 seats for a four-year term.

The 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies are divided among the states in proportion to their population, according to official figures from the IBGE. Even so, each federative unit has a minimum of eight and a maximum of 70 — as in the case of São Paulo, the most populous state in Brazil — federal deputies in the National Congress.

Senator

The Senators make up two legislative houses, representing the states and the Federal District, and are responsible for creating laws and supervising the activities carried out by the Executive Branch. In addition, there is what is called the “private competence of the senator”, which allows prosecute and judge, in crimes of responsibility:

• The President and Vice President;
• The ministers and commanders of the Navy, Army and Air Force;
• The ministers of the Federal Supreme Court;
• The members of the National Council of Justice and the National Council of the Public Ministry;
• The Attorney General of the Republic;
• The Advocate General of the Union.

This position may also be responsible for creating CPIs to carry out investigations of public interest and/or that have great popular appeal.

The Federal Senate is composed of 81 Senators, divided equally between the 26 states and the Federal District — that is, three parliamentarians for each federative unit. Their terms are for eight years, and as elections take place every four years, one or two Senators per federative unit may be elected at each election.

Governor

The greatest political authority of the Executive Power in the sphere of the states and the Federal District are the governors. Responsible for the administration of the federative unit, they also represent them in administrative, legal and political relationships.

They also have the function of ensuring the quality offered through public services, deciding on investments made in the state and, of course, implementing public policies. must also appoint and dismiss state secretaries, sanction, formulate or veto bills that were approved by the State Deputies, in addition to reporting public spending, in an annual period, to the Legislative Assembly.

State security is also part of the Governor's responsibilities in relation to the Military police, Civil police and also the Military Fire Department. The Federal District is treated a little differently from the other states in the country, however, the attributions of its governor are similar to that of a mayor. Candidates for the head of the Executive Power of the states and the Federal District compete for the majority voting system, vying for the 27 seats.

President

O President is the representative of Brazil in relation to other countries, and he is also the head of the Executive Power of the Union. Its duty is to maintain the independence and integrity of the country, in addition to presenting a government plan that includes priority programs, a bill with budget guidelines, as well as budget proposals. He must carry out administrative, military and legislative actions, in accordance with the Federal Constitution.

This person is also the head of the federal public administration, through public services as well as ministries. Among the legislative attributions are the possibility of the legislative process and the competence to sanction, promulgate and publish laws, as well as the issuance of decrees. Administrative activities include appointing the ministers of the Federal Supreme Court (STF) and higher courts, appointing the Federal Attorney General, granting pardons and commuting sentences.

In the military sphere, he is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces, with the exclusive function of declaring war and celebrating peace, if authorized by the National Congress. As far as foreign policy is concerned, this is the position that decides in relation to interactions with foreign states, the accreditation of diplomatic representatives, as well as the conclusion of conventions, treaties and other international acts.

As part of the Executive Branch, the candidate for president runs for the majority of votes, vying for a seat.

What is the voting order?

It's not just pressing the numbers on your lap that will make your citizenship exercised. There is an order and you must vote accordingly. Just look at the order when registering your vote, in sequential order:

1. federal deputy – composed of 4 numbers;
2. state deputy – composed of 5 numbers;
3. Senator) – composed of 3 numbers;
4. Governor) – composed of 2 numbers;
5. President – composed of 2 numbers.

An important detail: the use of cell phones will not be allowed in the voting booths! Therefore write down the numbers of your candidates on a paper — preferably in the order above, to facilitate voting.

When will the elections be?

And a topic as important as the others: when will the 2022 elections be? The first shift will take place next Sunday, October 2, 08:00 am to 17:00 pm Brasilia time. In the event of an eventual second round, candidates running for president and governor may be elected on the last Sunday of the month, on October 30th.

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